Author(s)
Ishara Anjalie Narasinghe Mudiyanselage, Jorge Santos, Sivashanthini Kuganathan
Abstract
Seaweed farming in the Indian Ocean has gained prominence as a sustainable livelihood and an environmentally beneficial industry. However, its regional status and potential has not been investigated. This paper reviews the current state of seaweed farming in the region, examining species diversity, farming techniques, production methods, and socio-economic impacts. The study synthesizes 32 articles, selected among 149 articles, published between 2009 and 2023, gathered from the Web of Science database, to assess trends in both commercial and experimental seaweed species cultivation. Dominant farmed species such as Kappaphycus alvarezii, Gracilaria tenuistipitata, and Eucheuma denticulatum are highlighted, emphasizing their ecological roles and economic value. The review identifies key farming methods, including off-bottom, rope culture, and floating raft systems, which have been employed to optimize yields and minimize environmental impacts. The production of seaweeds in the Indian Ocean region is concentrated in countries like Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Maldives, with a growing interest in other nations such as Kenya, Mauritius, and Seychelles. Seaweed farming has delivered significant benefits, including income generation, promotion of gender equity advancement in coastal zone management, and potential contributions to climate change mitigation, particularly through carbon sequestration and habitat restoration. However, it faces challenges such as diseases, market price fluctuations, and limited infrastructure. This review highlights the importance of integrated management approaches for the sustainable growth of seaweed farming in the Indian Ocean, addressing both ecological and socio-economic challenges and opportunities.