Author(s)
Sutharshiny Sathyaruban, Deepthi Inoka Uluwaduge, Sivashanthini Kuganathan
Abstract
This review examines the essential nutritional requirements and effective feeding strategies for ornamental livebearers, specifically guppies, swordtails, platies, and mollies. Recognizing their omnivorous nature, this report emphasizes the importance of a balanced diet that includes proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and feed additives crucial for growth, health, and reproductive success. Reviewed studies highlight the varying dietary protein needs across different life stages, with requirements estimated at 30-45% for guppies and swordtail, and 40% for platy with essential amino acids. The role of lipids and carbohydrates in energy provision and overall health is also discussed, noting the significance of essential fatty acids and colour additives which are not synthesized de novo by fish. The review also identifies key minerals and vitamins essential for immunity and health, alongside various feed additives that enhance feed efficiency and health benefits. Insights into practical feeding management strategies are presented, showcasing the impact of feeding frequency on growth and reproductive performance. While live feeds remain popular due to their high nutritional value, this review advocates for adopting formulated feeds to improve sustainability and reduce production costs in aquaculture. Moreover, it highlights the need for further research into utilising alternative protein sources and feed formulations to optimize livebearers’ growth and health in aquaculture and ornamental settings. Maintaining a comprehensive understanding of livebearers’ unique nutritional requirements is critical for enhancing fish welfare and cultivating thriving ornamental populations in home aquariums and commercial breeding operations.